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Coplanar Waveguide Circuits Components And Systems

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Coplanar Waveguide Circuits Components And Systems

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Received: February 23, 2022 / Revised: March 21, 2022 / Accepted: March 22, 2022 / Published: March 28, 2022

This paper introduces a new transition between the coplanar waveguide (CPW) and the air-filled rectangular waveguide (RWG). A rectangular radiator drawn with a semielliptical slot is connected to the central conductor of the CPW to realize a bandwidth-enhancing switch. This direct crossing does not require intermediate crossings or air bridges. In addition, a programmable switching circuit can be designed with high and low driving factors (ε

Pdf) Analysis And Design Of Current Probe Transition From Grounded Coplanar To Substrate Integrated Rectangular Waveguides

= 10.2 and 2.22), which provide many advantages in PCB and MMIC design. Two back-to-back prototypes have been designed, built and measured at X-band. 15 dB of fractional bandwidth increased to 44.7% and 47.6%, respectively, shown in both variables (ε).

= 10.2 and 2.22). The simulation results are consistent with the simulation results, confirming the feasibility of this design.

Coplanar waveguide (CPW) is one of the most common coplanar transmission lines in microwave and millimeter wave applications. Due to the parallel structure of CPW, where the signal line and two ground planes are located on the same side of the substrate, connected and active devices can be easily connected with the transmission line of CPW [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , 6]. Despite the widespread use of printed circuits programmed in microwave and millimeter wave systems, metal waves are still used in various components, such as high-gain antennas [7], filters [8], diplexers, amplifiers [9], etc. In some microwave and millimeter wave systems, it is necessary to use both CPW and rectangular waves; therefore, it is necessary to develop a productive transition between them. In the last few years, different changes of CPW to waves have been reported in the literature [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]. Based on the position of interaction between the waveguide and the coplanar antenna, the design can be divided into two different types: linear and right angle. In particular, the principal axes of in-line configurations are parallel, while those of high-angle configurations are perpendicular.

Coplanar Waveguide Circuits Components And Systems

In [10, 11, 12, 13] several methods have been proposed to improve the switching performance between CPW and rectangular wave. As described in [10], the CPW-to-rectangular-wave conversion can be achieved by using a taper line, but this suffers from a large substrate voltage. In [11], the CPW to RWG conversion was implemented on a conductive sapphire substrate. However, the structures mentioned above in [11, 12, 13] need air bridges to increase their performance. At the same time, angle-angle conversion between CPW and rectangular waves has also been widely studied [14, 15, 16]. A compact transition from CPW to RWG can be done by using a slot antenna [14], while the bandwidth needs to be further increased. In the CPW-to-RWG conversion, a four-step Chebyshev impedance transformer with matching points is used on top of the quartz CPW [15]. The structure increases the weight of the product, making the actual processing more difficult. Recently, metal ridges have been introduced to guide the signal from the square wave to the CPW through gap termination [16]. A metal stove makes construction difficult. Most of the previous works [12, 13, 14, 15, 16] were prepared for low permeability substrates. The switch in [10, 11] can be implemented on a high dielectric constant substrate, but the switch circuit takes the place of the electrical junction [10] and the corresponding bandwidth is only 21.1% in [11].

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This letter proposes a broad transition from CPW to RWG. By introducing a rectangular radiator drawn with a semi-elliptical slot, the change was achieved experimentally. The advantages of this design are: (1) this change can be implemented in both high and low permittivity (ε)

= 2.22); (2) an improved bandwidth of 44.7% and 47.6% was obtained, respectively; (3) the circuit structure is simple, which reduces the complexity of the manufacturing process.

The structure of the proposed switch between CPW and rectangular wave using RT/Duroid 6010 substrate is shown in Figure 1. The switch configuration consists of a coplanar antenna (CPW), a rectangular radiator drawn by a semi-elliptical slot. and square waves. The switch structure is symmetric about the axis and the CPW is printed on a RT/Duroid 6010 substrate with a dielectric constant of 10.2, a loss tangent of 0.0023, and a thickness of 0.635 mm. Schematic diagram of the CPW-to-RGW transition (ε

= 10.2) is shown in Figure 2a. The radiator is connected to the central conductor of the coplanar wave coupling power. The rectangular waveguide used in this design is WR-90, a standard waveguide with dimensions of 22.86 × 10.16 mm, which provides one TE.

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Transmission method in the X-band. The CPW transmits the quasi-TEM mode and the impedance corresponding to the square wave can be understood by adjusting the parameters related to the radiator.

As shown in Figure 2a, the radiator is placed on the wide wall of the antenna and is vertical with the Z axis. Note that the substrate placed on the radiator is placed about a quarter of the length of the antenna from the short plane of the antenna, defined by L.

In Figure 2a. The radiator used in this modification is made by cutting a semi-elliptical slot in a rectangular patch. The drawn semi-ellipse is arc-shaped, so the radiator used in this transition is at a constant distance from the antenna wall. This can produce a continuously adjustable length of electrical resonance in pressure waves of different frequencies. In fact, the antenna will act as a ground and will produce many resonances with the radiator. In addition, each CPW aircraft is equipped with two metal wings. The role of steel windows is to eliminate the leakage of electrical energy.

Coplanar Waveguide Circuits Components And Systems

All systems are measured and optimized for this proposed change using an electromagnetic wave simulator. Table 1 lists some key switch parameters (design with RT/Duroid 6010). Among them, Wp1 and Lp1 are the lengths of the sides of the rectangle, E is the major radius (on the x-axis) of the semi-ellipse, and ratio_1 is the ratio of the second radius to the major radius of the radius. structure.

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The structure of the proposed switch between CPW and square wave using the RT / Duroid 5880 substrate is similar to the previous structure shown in Figure 1. The RT / Duroid 5880 substrate has a dielectric constant of 2.22, loss of 0.0009. and the thickness is 0.787 mm. When switching from RT/Duroid 6010 substrate to RT/Duroid 5880 substrate, there is no need to redesign the entire conversion. Broadband performance can be achieved by adjusting the appropriate parameters of the radiator. The parameters used to describe these changes are shown in figure 2b. Table 2 lists some key switch parameters (design with RT/Duroid 5880).

The proposed structure uses a rectangular radiator drawn with a semi-elliptical slot to directly switch between rectangular TE waves.

Approach to CPW TEM mode. To show that a better return loss (S11) can be obtained by using a rectangular radiator with a semi-elliptical slot drawn in this paper, three different switches (switching on this page, switching to a semi-circular radiator and a rectangular one. )) are compared separately, and the back-back-back transition of S11 is shown in Fig. After that, it is necessary to study the effect of radiator parameters on the performance of this proposed change. Taking the changes with the RT/Duroid 6010 as an example, the parameters of S versus multiplying the different values of measure_1 in the.

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