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Effects of castration, transplantation regimens and supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Bos indicus affected beef cattle under savanna conditions.
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Elimination And Redistribution Of Intracellular And Extracellular Antibiotic Resistance Genes In Water And Wastewater Disinfection Processes: A Review
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Feeding fermented milk permeate-based supplements to newborn calves: effects on blood, growth performance, and fecal parameters including microbiota, volatile compounds, and fatty and organic acid profiles.
Authors: Laurinas Vadopalus 1, Egle Zokaiite 1, 2, Paulina Zavistanaviciut 1, 2, Romas Gruzauskas 3, Vytautas Starkut 1, 2, Ernestus Mockus 1, Jolita Clementaviciut 1, Modestas Ruzauskas 4, 5, Vita Lele 1, 2, Darius Cernauskas 1, Doville Clupsite 1, Agila Doxion 1, 5, Antanas Sederevičius 5, Sarunas Badras 1 and Elena Bartkiné 1, 2, *
Institute of Animal Breeding Technology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mikevičius Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mikkevicius Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mikevičius Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mikkevicius Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
Date Received: 5 July 2021 / Date Revised: 17 Aug 2021 / Accepted Date: 27 Aug 2021 / Published Date: 30 Aug 2021
Gastrointestinal infections and diarrhea are major health problems in calves. The use of microbial products containing probiotics and prebiotics can lead to better management of the gut microbiota and improved calf health. After fermentation with selected strains of lactic acid bacteria, the milk permeate (a by-product of the dairy industry) contains lactic acid bacteria and prebiotics, both of which have viable antimicrobial properties. We hypothesized that fermented milk permit may be an intended feed supplement for newborn calves. A 14-day experiment was conducted in which a group of newborn calves were fed milk supplemented with Lactobacillus staphylococcus LUHS245. Compared to the control group, calves fed fermented milk permeat had significantly higher numbers of lactic acid bacteria, lower total Enterobacteriaceae, higher species diversity, and higher concentrations of propionic acid and dry matter in their feces. Most fatty acids and volatile compounds in feces were significantly different between the two groups. The results showed that inclusion of fermented milk permeate in calf diet had positive effects on some health parameters, but had no effect on blood parameters and growth performance.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of milk permeant (MP), a feed supplement fermented with Lactobacillus Staphylococcus LUHS245, on growth performance and blood and faecal parameters including microbiota, volatile compounds and fatty acid profiles in newborn calves. Ten female Holstein calves in the control group (CON group) were fed only standard milk replacer and colostrum from postnatal day 2 to day 14, while 10 calves in the treatment group (MP group) were fed the same. Fermented mp. After 14 days, there was no significant difference between groups in blood parameters, growth performance or stool pH. The proportion of live lactic acid bacteria was significantly higher (17.02%), the proportion of Enterobacteriaceae was lower (10.38%), the total number of probiotics was higher, the species diversity was 1.7 times higher, and the dry powder content was higher in the feces of the MP group in (p < 0.05). Fatty acid and volatile compound profiles differed significantly between groups. The results showed that the inclusion of fermented milk permeate in calf diet had positive effects on some health parameters but had no effect on blood parameters or growth performance.
Global climate change affects people, ecosystems and livelihoods around the world. However, the idea of sustainable development also supports the broad principles of fair treatment of agricultural workers and food pricing, providing a subsistence income [1] to farmers. To ensure these principles, effective value addition to the by-products of the food industry becomes very important.
Our previous study showed that milk permeate (MP), a by-product of the dairy industry, can be efficiently converted into antimicrobial functional properties of human and animal nutrients [2]. MP is usually obtained after removal of milk proteins and fat by an ultrafiltration process [3]. This by-product contains unmodified lactose, minerals and serum proteins. However, fermentation with selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains can improve the physicochemical, antibacterial, functional and sensory properties of MP [4]. During fermentation, lactose in MP is converted into functional compounds including galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and high concentrations of active LAB. This process results in animal feed with GOS-enriched antimicrobial properties [2, 5]. For this reason, we anticipate that fermented MP is an intended feed supplement for newborn calves.
Probiotics are widely used in animal feed supplementation [6] for various purposes, one of which is their ability to prevent infections caused by pathogenic bacteria [7, 8]. Since probiotics promote the establishment of beneficial gut flora and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the gut, they are expected to improve animal health [9, 10]. Probiotics for livestock have been studied individually and in combination using several different LAB strains [11, 12, 13]. In this study, we focused on LAB strains with antimicrobial properties for MP, in the hope that probiotics could potentially reduce or replace the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry [14]. Diarrhea is one of the most common health problems in young calves [15], and probiotics and immunomodulators have been proposed as alternatives to prevent and reduce intestinal diseases [16]. Another promising approach is the use of prebiotics to produce healthy feed [17]. Prebiotics are indigestible compounds that positively affect the host by promoting the growth and activity of one or more bacteria in the colon [18]. Nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) are the most promising prebiotics; This group includes GOS, which can be used in animal production as a potential alternative to antimicrobial growth promoters [19]. They participate in a healthy microbiota in which Lactobacillus predominate and may exert health-promoting effects at the expense of more harmful organisms [20]. Finally, probiotic and prebiotic supplementation has the greatest effect in the first few weeks or months of calf life [16, 21]. This can lead to an unstable microbiome in them, whereas the microbiota later in life is more stable and difficult to influence [22]. Since the gut microbiome is a major factor affecting gut health [23] , the use of microbial products early in life may become a primary treatment for improving calf health [24] . For this study, we used a 14-day experiment with newborn calves. The experimental group was given prebiotics (GOS) containing fermented MP and LAB strains with active antibacterial properties.
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Although there is currently a lot of information on the digestion and absorption process of major macro- and micronutrients [25] , there are still large gaps in the literature regarding biomarkers indicating health status in young animals. Biomarkers can indicate how well the GI tract is performing its basic digestive and absorption functions [26]. Although digestion and absorption are routinely assessed in research settings, many of the techniques and tools used for this purpose are not used as point-of-care assessment tools to provide real-time assessment on the farm. can be done. However, testing for fecal biomarkers such as
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